APPROACHES

APPROACHES OF PSYCHOLOGY


ORIGINS OF PSYCHOLOGY




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AQA A-LEVEL: Biopsychology - Biological Rhythms

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BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS Any change in physiological activity that repeats periodically CIRCADIAN - Lasts 24hrs like the sleep/wake cycle, body temperature, hormones INFRADIAN - Lasts more than 24hrs like menstruation, hibernation and SAD ULTRADIAN - Lasts less than 24hrs like the stages of sleep, feeding  INFRADIAN RHYTHMS (24hrs+) There is a psychological disorder called seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in which sufferers experience depression in only the winter months.  Another example is the mensuration cycle which starts with The follicular phase is between 10-14 days where oestrogen and progesterone levels are low. Endometrium grows and prepares for pregnancy and the size of the eggs triple. Ovulatory phase where oestrogen levels increase and by day 14 the largest egg is released into fallopian tubes ULTRADIAN RHYTHMS (-24hrs) Feeding patterns of animals, and the patterns of human sleep which go through differen...
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AQA A-LEVEL: Biopsychology - Fight or Flight Repsonse

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FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE This response is generated from the ANS, in the sympathetic branch. It is a reflex response to help individuals react quicker. There are two types of stress response depending on the appraisal of the threat. Fight or Flight is activated for short-term stressors, different systems are activated for long-term or chronic stress. APPRAISAL OF STRESSOR The situation is appraised via sensory systems and stored memories. Hippocampus + Amygdala try to recognise emotional reactions to stimuli and access stored memories for potential danger  If the situation is deemed stressful, the hypothalamus is alerted. Hypothalamus controls the HPA axis (pituitary-adrenal system) for chronic stress and the SAM pathway for acute stress SAM PATHWAY Situation perceived as stressful due to emotions and memories Hypothalamus alerted and recognises stress as ACUTE SAM pathway activated (sympathetic branch of ANS) Adrenal Medulla stimulated (in adrenal gla...
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AQA A-LEVEL: Biopsychology - Localisation of Function

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LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION LOCALISATION: Theory that specific areas of the brain are associated w/ particular physical and physiological functions. M OTOR CORTEX contains the F rontal Lobe S OMATOSENSORY CORTEX contains the P arietal Lobe V ISUAL CORTEX contains the O ccipital Lobe A UDITORY CORTEX contains the T emporal Lobe Language systems are in the W ERNICKE'S AREA for Speech Comprehension and B ROCA'S AREA for Speech P roduction " M y F ather S ings P raise" " V iolets O nly A round T rees" "Women C an B ring P ower" HEMISPHERIC LATERALISATION: Dominance of one are of the brain for a particular physical and physiological function LASHLEY's Research - Localisation is incorrect, his research supports the idea of equipotentiality of the cortex. Simple functions are localised but complex functions are not MOTOR CORTEX Generates voluntary motor movements by sending messages to muscles via CNS In the frontal lobe, bo...
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