APPROACHES

APPROACHES OF PSYCHOLOGY


ORIGINS OF PSYCHOLOGY




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AQA A-LEVEL: Biopsychology - Brain Plasticity and Recovery after Trauma

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BRAIN PLASTICITY AND RECOVERY AFTER TRAUMA BRAIN PLASTICITY: Brains ability to change and adapt mentally and functionally as a result of experience and new learning. EXPERIENCE EXPECTANT PLASTICITY: Changes in the brain taking place in infancy We have 15,000 synaptic connections by 2-3yrs through synaptogenesis which is double what we have as an adult. Not all synaptic connections are used so some are deleted by cognitive pruning which strengthens the frequently used synapses. EXPERIENCE DEPENDENT PLASTICITY: When the brain continues to create new neural pathways and alter existing ones as a result of learning and life experiences. Through...  Synaptogenesis - New synapses form through life but mostly in infancy Neurogenesis - New neurones form. Occurs in infancy and adulthood. Synaptic Pruning - Synapse elimination which occurs in early childhood and the onset of puberty - occurs less in adulthood.  COMPUTER GAMING - KUHN et al  ...
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AQA A-LEVEL: Biopsychology - Localisation of Function

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LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION LOCALISATION: Theory that specific areas of the brain are associated w/ particular physical and physiological functions. M OTOR CORTEX contains the F rontal Lobe S OMATOSENSORY CORTEX contains the P arietal Lobe V ISUAL CORTEX contains the O ccipital Lobe A UDITORY CORTEX contains the T emporal Lobe Language systems are in the W ERNICKE'S AREA for Speech Comprehension and B ROCA'S AREA for Speech P roduction " M y F ather S ings P raise" " V iolets O nly A round T rees" "Women C an B ring P ower" HEMISPHERIC LATERALISATION: Dominance of one are of the brain for a particular physical and physiological function LASHLEY's Research - Localisation is incorrect, his research supports the idea of equipotentiality of the cortex. Simple functions are localised but complex functions are not MOTOR CORTEX Generates voluntary motor movements by sending messages to muscles via CNS In the frontal lobe, bo...
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AQA A-LEVEL: Issues and Debates - Idiographic and Nomothetic Approach

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IDIOGRAPHIC AND NOMOTHETIC APPROACH Whether psychology should focus on the individual or on people in general IDIOGRAPHIC APPROACH Attempts to explain the NATURE of individuals. We should be studied as unique entities who have had our own subjective experiences, motivations and values which have contributed to out own individual development. Methods under the Idiographic approach tends to produce qualitative data that tries to describe the richness and detail of human experience  e.g. Interviews, questionnaires and case studies  The humanistic and Freud section of the psychodynamic are examples of idiographic approach NOMOTHETIC APPROACH Aims to produce GENERAL LAWS of human behaviour which can be used as a benchmark for people to be measured, classified or compared. From these general laws, future behaviour can be predicted or even controlled. The Nomothetic Approach has been said by Radford and Kirby (1975) to have produced 3 general laws...
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