AQA A-LEVEL: Biopsychology - Function of Endocrine System

FUNCTION OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

 FUNCTION: 

  • To secrete hormones in the blood stream to regulate our bodily functions. Works w/ nervous system to regulate and coordinate physiological processes
  • Provides a chemical system of communication via the blood stream. Uses a gland network, which secretes hormones (chemical messengers) throughout the body.
HORMONES - Chemicals from glands which circulate bloodstream and are carried to target structures around the body. Each hormone will stimulate a part of the body, which leads to other hormones being released like adrenaline or oestrogen

PITUITARY GLAND - The gland which exerts the most influence, this "Master Gland" can control all other endocrine glands. It's governed by the hypothalamus.

PITUITARY HORMONES

  • ACTH - Regulates the steroid hormone Cortisol (C is released from adrenal gland)
  • OXYTOCIN - Facilitates in bonding between mother and child and stimulates uterus contraction during childbirth 
  • VASOPRESSIN - Regulates water balance within body and re-absorption by the kidney 

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

  • ADRENAL GLAND 
    • (Adrenal Medulla) - Releases adrenaline and nor-adrenaline as part of fight or flight
    • (Adrenal Cortex) - Releases glucocorticoid hormones like cortisone, cortisol which help the immune system and inflammatory response
  • PINEAL GLAND - Releases melatonin for important biological rhythms, including the sleep-wake cycle. 
  • OVARIES - Releases oestrogen for the regulation of the female reproductive system, including the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
  • TESTES - Releases testosterone for the development of male sex characteristics during puberty while also promoting muscle growth

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